n   在国际贸易中,商务谈判成功后,都会双方签合同和协议是必须的。而合同和协议里面各自都有不一样的条款, 各自的要求也不一样,那么关于它们都各自有哪些要求呢?以下是小编给大家整理的商务实战应用文写法精讲:合同与协议的区别-2,希望可以帮到大家

n   三、用词专业(technical terms)

n   合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移,它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的“瑕疵”、 “救济”、 “不可抗力”、 “管辖”、“损毁”、 “灭失”等就可能让非行业人士费解,在英语以上表达分别为defect、remedy、force majuere/act of god、jurisdiction、damage and/or loss)。另外几乎每个合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as , whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of , hereby, thereof 等虚词。这也是合同英语的一大特色。

n   其它例子还有:

n   “赔偿”用“indemnities”,而不用“compensation”

n   “不动产转让”用“conveyance”,而不用“transfer of real estate”

n   “房屋出租”用“tenancy”,而“财产出租”用“lease of property”

n   “停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名词是cessation) a business”,而不用“end/stop a business”

n   专利许可中的“特许权使用费”只用“royalities”

n   还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文“grace”

n   “当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition”

n   以实物出资为“investment in kind”

n   “依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等,不说“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”

n   “合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“neither party hereto may assign this contract”,其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”,选用“neither party to the contract”较少。

n   3. 同义词、近义词、相关词的序列

n   for value received,the undersigned does hereby sell, transfer, assign and set over to ______ all his right, tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated ______, 19____ by and between the undersigned and ______,a copy of which is annexed hereto.

n   在这里的同义词和近义词并列(如sell, transfer, assign and set over,right和 tile and interest),在英文合同里十分普遍。这是出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑,有的也属于合同用语的固定模式。如:

n   this agreement is made and entered into by and between party a and party b.句中“made and entered into”和“by and between”两组分别属于同义词和相关词并列。

n   for and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 句中“for and in consideration of ”, “covenants and agreements”三组同义司和近义词并列。

n   the parties have agreed to vary the management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 这里的“on the terms”和“subject to the conditions”是一个意思都表示“依照本协议的条款规定”。合同条款的固定模式是“terms and conditions”

n   再例如:

n   “party a wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date”,一句中的“release”和“discharge”意思几乎相同。

n   并列的词还有:

n   ships and vessels

n   support and maintenance

n   licenses and permits

n   charges, fees, costs and expenses

n   any and all

n   any duties, obligations or liabilities

n   the partners, their heirs, successors and assigns

n   control and management of the partnership

n   applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives, and rules

n   5. 拉丁词

n   在国外合同中,拉丁词仍然是很常见:

n   比例税率:用pro rate tax rate要比proportional tax rate多

n   从事慈善性服务的律师:pro bono lawyer,不怎么用la wyer engaged in charitable legal assistance

n   委托代理人:多用agent ad litem