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考研英一真题阅读理解1

A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young nAmericans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is nthat Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other nsource, Not a president’s social media platform.

Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as ndistrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their nmedia literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 npresidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users nin the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the nUniversity of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent nof Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.

Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at nseparating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group nsurvey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” nto verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different nperspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people nassume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and nactively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.

Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in nAustralia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison nfound that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political nengagement.

Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and nimmediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their nvalues and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in npassing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason ngiven by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than nmade-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem nof fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via nsocial media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be nthe heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility nin counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna nGroup.

So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they nreveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to nshare on social media.

26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts non

[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.

[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.

[C] the administrations ability to handle information.

[D] social media was a reliable source of news.

27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to

[A] sharpen

[B] define

[C] boast

[D] share

28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people

[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.

[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.

[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.

[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”

29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem nis

[A] readers outdated values.

[B] journalists’ biased reporting

[C] readers’ misinterpretation

[D] journalists’ made-up stories.

30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend

[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.

[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.

考研英一真题阅读理解2

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme nCourt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone nwithout a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, nparticularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search nthrough the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the nstate argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing ntechnologies.

The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. nEnough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice ncan and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring nthe contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is nsimilar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police ndon't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or npocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is nmore like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's nreading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of nrecent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing." meanwhile, has made nthat exploration so much the easier.

But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, ndisruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's nprotections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and naccessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment nof automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had nto specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; nthey must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information nnow.

26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is nlegitimate to

[A] search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.

[B] check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.

[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.

[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.

27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of

[A] tolerance.

[B] indifference.

[C] disapproval.

[D] cautiousness.

28. The author believes that exploring one's phone content is comparable nto

[A] getting into one's residence.

[B] handing one's historical records.

[C] scanning one's correspondences.

[D] going through one's wallet.

29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that

[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.

[B] the court is giving police less room for action.

[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.

[D] citizens' privacy is not effective protected.

30.Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that

(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.

(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.

(C)California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.

(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.

考研英一真题阅读理解3

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the ntrouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory n,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click non and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to nbuy.

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to nadvertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that npeople are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have nexplicit permission?

In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding na "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell nadwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer nand Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In nFebruary the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry nwould get cracking on responging to DNT requests.

On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer n10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.

It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does nnot oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do nso. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether nthey are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and npress on anyway.

Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad nbusiness too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still nworking out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on ndefault will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point nfor windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably nwith Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy nofficer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it nreally be that simple?

26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers nto:

[A] ease competition among themselves

[B] lower their operational costs

[C] avoid complaints from consumers

[D] provide better online services

27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:

[A] online advertisers

[B] e-commerce conductors

[C] digital information analysis

[D] internet browser developers

28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

[A] many cut the number of junk ads

[B] fails to affect the ad industry

[C] will not benefit consumers

[D] goes against human nature

29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?

[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose

[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT

[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers

[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads

30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is none of:

[A] indulgence

[B] understanding

[C] appreciaction

[D] skepticism